Tap water that has been purified so that it is safe for drinking. It is run through carbon filters to remove chlorine and sometimes a micron filter as well.

A form of flour made from finely milled rice. It is distinct from rice starch, which is usually produced by steeping rice in lye. Rice flour is a common substitute for wheat flour.

A gluten-free flour made from the starch of cassava root. It’s best know for the thick, chewy texture it lends to gluten-free baked goods, but also works well as an allergy-friendly thickener for sauces, soups, puddings, and stews.

Apples that are cooked down and ground and blended into a smooth paste. It can be made with peeled or unpeeled apples and may be spiced or sweetened.

Safflower oil comes from the seeds of the safflower plant. High oleic oil is any oil that is high in monounsaturated fats. It is an excellent solution for food manufacturers searching for healthy alternatives to saturated or hydrogenated oils. High oleic safflower oil is a naturally occurring liquid vegetable oil that exhibits extended shelf life without chemical modification of the original oil. A neutral flavor and odor make this oil highly suitable for a wide range of food related applications. 

A form of flour made from finely milled rice. It is distinct from rice starch, which is usually produced by steeping rice in lye. Rice flour is a common substitute for wheat flour.

High in starch, is commonly used in the production of other foods or as a replacement for corn syrup in baked goods.

Single-celled microorganisms that are classified, along with molds and mushrooms, as members of the Kingdom Fungi. Yeasts are evolutionarily diverse and are therefore classified into two separate phyla, Ascomycota or sac fungi and Basidiomycota or higher fungi, that together form the subkingdom Dikarya.

A mineral consisting primarily of sodium chloride. The essential minerals in salt act as important electrolytes in the body. They help with fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle function.

Pear juice from which most of the water has been extracted. When the liquid is removed, the result is a thick, syrupy product known as juice concentrate. Most concentrates are filtered, evaporated, and pasteurized, but some may also include additives.

A polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer to prevent ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars using a fermentation process, and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.

Starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain starch grains (leucoplasts). To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed; the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells. The starch is then washed out and dried to powder.

A white crystalline salt with formula C6H10CaO6, consisting of two lactate anions. Calcium lactate is used in medicine, mainly to treat calcium deficiencies; and as a food additive with E number of E327. Some cheese crystals consist of calcium lactate.

A dietary supplement used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not enough. Calcium is needed by the body for healthy bones, muscles, nervous system, and heart. Calcium carbonate also is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach.

Also known as gluconolactone, is a food additive with the E number E575 used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent.

Cellulose gum, also known as CMC or carboxy-methylcellulose, is a food ingredient derived from cellulose, the most abundant organic compound on earth. Cellulose is found in the cell walls of all plants and is typically the biggest source of insoluble fiber in fruits and vegetables.

Single-celled microorganisms that are classified, along with molds and mushrooms, as members of the Kingdom Fungi. Yeasts are evolutionarily diverse and are therefore classified into two separate phyla, Ascomycota or sac fungi and Basidiomycota or higher fungi, that together form the subkingdom Dikarya.

Sunflower lecithin isn’t as common, but some people prefer it, especially if they’re trying to avoid genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in their food. Extracting lecithin from sunflower seeds doesn’t require harsh chemicals. It helps lower cholesterol, improves heart health, aids breastfeeding mothers, it helps improve digestion, and may fight dementia.

A mineral consisting primarily of sodium chloride. The essential minerals in salt act as important electrolytes in the body. They help with fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle function.

It is a mixture of baking soda, cream of tartar (a dry acid), and sometimes cornstarch. A double acting leavening agent that is used to increase the volume and lighten the texture of baked goods.